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The Fool, the Pedant and the Ninja: the Archetypes of Resistance to Change

by Giacomo Grassi · September 2025 organizations change

In the textbooks, resistance to change looks dramatic: barricades, confrontations, sabotage. In my experience it is far more polite. It smiles, nods in the meeting, and then carries on doing exactly what it did before. During the INPS rebranding — years spent introducing guidelines in a territory that had been free for decades — I had the chance to observe it up close, and over time I learned to tell a few recurring archetypes apart. I describe them with affection: behind each one there are almost always people acting in good faith, dealing with new rules in a domain they had always considered "their own business".

The Fool

The most common archetype. Its instrument is selective distraction: a colour "interpreted", a logo "adapted", a typeface "only slightly different". Never a blatant violation — always a small deviation, plausible, defensible. Absent-mindedness or cunning, it makes little difference: the result is a way to keep doing things as before, with the clear conscience of someone who can say they "tried to follow the guidelines". You recognise the Fool by the tone: point out the deviation and they are genuinely taken aback. Sometimes genuinely — and that's the beauty of it: this archetype includes both genuine performers and excellent actors, and telling them apart is practically impossible.

The Pedant

A more sophisticated archetype, thriving in the regulatory gap. No manual can anticipate every case: when the Pedant meets one that isn't covered yet, instead of asking or deriving a solution from the principles, they take it as a licence for a free-for-all. The absence of an explicit example becomes the perfect excuse to return to old habits. This is where you see the difference between those who join a project and those who merely endure it: the first uses the manual as a reference from which to derive consistent solutions; the second treats it as a rulebook to be circumvented the moment a rule is missing. The Pedant, paradoxically, is a devoted reader of the manual: they know it better than the people who wrote it, but they read it like a defence lawyer.

The Ninja

The most theatrical archetype, and my personal favourite. The act always starts well: a request for an exception, polite and transparent. "I'd like to do this off-standard thing, may I?" A patient "no, you may not" follows. And at that point, the vanishing. No reply, no escalation, no protest: just silence. Weeks pass, sometimes months. Then the project reappears — published, in plain sight, exactly as it had been proposed in the first place.

A classic act of courteous disobedience, amusing only if you don't count the time spent putting things back in order afterwards.

Camouflaged variant: "it's only graphics, after all"

There is a fourth figure, observed later, once the function tasked with guarding the rules came into being. This variant strikes in moments of haste: when institutional deadlines loom and the workload grows, the recurring temptation is to brush the oversight aside with an "it's only graphics, after all". A step skipped, a silent exception, a partial application. It is the hardest to counter, because it never presents itself as conflict but as "other priorities" — and it is often perfectly sincere: it reflects an incomplete understanding of why those rules exist, in a culture where design and communication are still perceived as aesthetic detail.

The Fool. Where you meet it: everywhere. How to spot it: small, plausible deviations. Typical line: "oh, really?"

The Pedant. Where you meet it: the edges of the manual. How to spot it: knows the rules better than you. Typical line: "but this case isn't covered".

The Ninja. Where you meet it: unknown. How to spot it: asks, takes the no, disappears. Typical line: none — it's the silence.

Camouflaged variant. Where you meet it: deadlines. How to spot it: sincere urgency. Typical line: "it's only graphics, after all".

Living with it

And now the serious part. Resistance, in my experience, has never been something you defeat once and for all: it's a condition to live with — a silent force, always present, pulling the organization back towards its original equilibrium. Is the certainty of a few acts of insubordination a reason not to run the project? Obviously not. It means accepting that absolute consistency doesn't exist, and that the entire value of a governance lies in making exceptions recognisable, isolated and manageable. That holds for a brand manual as much as for a design system.

Which is why, in the end, I've grown fond of these figures. They are the physiological travelling companions of any real change, and even something of an indicator: if nobody in your project plays the fool, nobody hunts for loopholes and nobody vanishes into thin air, perhaps your guidelines aren't touching anything that matters.

The same theme is developed in the book Innovare nella Pubblica Amministrazione (McGraw Hill, 2025, in Italian).